Gout is caused by an accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints. Most commonly involving the big toe, it can also affect the ankles, knees, hands and feet. Gout can be excruciatingly painful, with swelling and inflammation of the affected joints. Attacks are associated with high levels of uric acid in the system and are commonly precipitated by surgery, alcohol, drugs, a high purine diet (see below) and illness. Being overweight and having a high protein diet increases the likelihood of an attack. Chronic gout is also associated with kidney disease and intervention is vital to prevent kidney damage. Treatment of gout involves introducing a low purine diet to reduce the amount of uric acid being produced, using herbs to promote the excretion of uric acid from the body, and tonifying the organs responsible for elimination. Treatment is best undertaken with a qualified herbalist, especially if taking orthodox drugs for the condition. Purines are the waste products produced on the breakdown of animal proteins in the body. Uric acid is the end-product of purine breakdown. Therefore meat should be avoided, especially offal (liver, kidney etc), and red meat, also fish, especially shellfish and rich, oily fish like sardines. Consumption of eggs and dairy produce, especially cheese, should be minimised. Also avoid pickled and smoked foods, yeast extracts, tea and coffee, and alcohol. Asparagus is one the few vegetables that contain purines and so should be avoided. Foods to eat include artichokes (globe or Jerusalem), while red cherries actually help to dissolve uric acid crystals. For long-term benefit, exercise should be increased, but not during an attack. This ensures a better circulation so the crystals do not have a chance to form.
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